ABSTRACT
Objective To study the expression of human-mammaglobin (hMAM) and vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3) in breast cancer tissues, and to analyze its relationship with biological characteristics and prognosis of breast cancer. Methods The expression of hMAM, VEGF-C andVEGFR-3 was determined by immunohistochemical technique in 116 breast cancer tissues and 44 adjacent normal tissues (from cancer tissue≥ 5 cm) using tissue microarray technology (TMA). Results (1) The positive rates of hMAM, VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 in primary breast carcinoma tissues were significantly higher than those in the adjacent normal tissues (59. 48% [69/116] vs 0. 00%, 50. 86% [59/116] vs 9. 09% and 61. 20% [71/116] vs 18. 18%, respectively, all P<0. 01). (2)The positive rates of hMAM, VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 were significantly correlated with axillary lymph node metastasis, and the positive rates of hMAM, VEGFR-3 were significantly correlated with histological gradings (all P<0. 05). (3) Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the positive rates of hMAM, VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 in breast cancer tissues were all significantly correlated with each other, with correlation coefficients being 0. 278, 0. 280, and 0. 244, respectively, all P<0. 05). (4)Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the disease-free survival and 5-year overall survival of patients with negative expression of HMAM, VEGF-Cand VEGFR-3 were significantly prolonger compared to those with positive expression (Log-rank test, P< 0. 05). Conclusion hMAM, VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 are highly expressed in breast cancer patients, which might be associated with the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer, and hMAM expression might be related to the lymphangiogenesis of breast cancer.
ABSTRACT
Objective To detect the single nucleotide polymorphisms of rs1695 of glutathione S-transferase P1 [GSTP1 (rs1695)] in the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients, and to analyze its association with the efficacy of paclitaxel/ anthracycline-based chemotherapy in stage IV breast cancer patients. Methods The genotypes of GSTP1 (rs1695) gene polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-high resolution melting (HRM) method in 128 cases of female stage V breast cancer, and 10% samples were tested by gene sequencing technique according to the PCR-HRM results. The SPSS 11. 5 software was used for statistical analysis, the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test was used for genetic equilibrium distribution of genotypes, the correlation of different genotypes with chemotherapy responses was analyzed by the X2 test and Fisher' exact test, and non-conditional logistic regression model was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence Hardy-Weinberg test suggested that our research had a group representation (P>0. 05). Chemotherapy with paclitaxel/anthracycline yielded an efficiency rate of 57. 03% (73/128) and an inefficiency rate of 42. 97% (55/128), and in the latter the stable disease accounted for 18. 75% (24/ 128). Patients carrying GSTP1 (rs1695)AG/GG genotype hada better response to chemotherapy than those carrying AA genotype (OR = 4. 139, 95% CI; 1. 907-8. 975, P<0. 01), and GSTP1 (rs1695) G gene carriers had a better response than A gene carriers (X2 = 12. 163, P<0. 01). Among the 70 cases receiving combined treatment with anthracycline, those carrying GSTP1 (rs1695)AG/GG genotypehada better response than those carrying AA genotype (OR = 4. 016, 95% CI; 1. 40411. 483, P<0. 01), and GSTP1 (rs1695) G gene carriers had a better response than A gene carriers (X2 = 5. 943, P<0. 05). Conclusion Genetic polymorphisms in GSTP1 (rs1695) can serve as a genetic marker to forecast the chemotherapy response of stage V breast cancer patients to paclitaxel/anthracycline-based chemotherapy, which is worthy of further large sample study.